Benin
1. Arms Embargoes and other International Obligations
The first criterion checks whether the country is subject to either a UN, EU or OSCE arms embargo, thereby differentiating between sanctions against entire states and sanctions against non-state actors within a particular state. This information is relevant to the first criterion of the EU Common Position. Depending on the kind of embargo in place, the country is then classified as either ‘critical’ (arms embargo against entire state) or ‘possibly critical’ (arms embargo against non-state actor). If there is no arms embargo in place, the country is classified as ‘not critical’, depending on the results of the additional evaluation indicators.
The User’s Guide to the Common Position explicitly calls upon member states to consider, whether a recipient state has ratified the Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, Chemical Weapons Convention, The Hague Code of Conduct or the Arms Trade Treaty. If a country has ratified fewer than three of these non-proliferation treaties, it is classified as ‘possibly critical’.
Indicators
| United Nations Arms Embargo | No data |
| European Union Arms Embargo | No data |
| OSCE Embargo | No data |
Ratification of Arms Control Conventions
| Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Non-Proliferation Treaty), 1970 | No data |
| Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention), 1975 | No data |
| Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention), 1997 | No data |
| The Hague Code of Conduct, 2002 | No data |
| The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), 2014 | No data |
Sources
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SIPRI Arms Embargoes Database
The SIPRI Arms Embargo Database provides information on all multilateral arms embargoes that have been implemented by an international organization, such as the EU or UN, or by a group of nations. It includes both legally binding embargoes and those that are solely political commitments. It provides details of the aims, scope and amendments to all arms embargoes that are in force, or have been in force since 1998 and to most that were in force since 1950.
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UNODA Disarmament Treaties Database
Since 1978, the United Nations has been publishing the status of multilateral Arms Regulation and Disarmament Agreements, presenting data on signatories, partied of relevant agreements and the texts of the agreements themselves.
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Hague Code of Conduct
The Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation (HCOC) is the result of efforts of the international community to internationally regulate the area of ballistic missiles capable of carrying weapons of mass destruction. The HCOC, entered into force in 2002, is the only multilateral transparency and confidence building instrument concerning the spread of ballistic missiles.